Heidegger (back burner)

Being is to be grasped by means of the phenomenological method. However, being is always the being of a being, and accordingly, it becomes accessible only indirectly through some existing entity. Therefore, “phenomenological reduction” is necessary. One must direct oneself toward an entity, but in such a way that its being is thereby brought out. It is Dasein which Heidegger chooses as the particular entity to access being. Hence, as the basic component of his phenomenology, Heidegger adopts the Husserlian phenomenological reduction, but gives it a completely different meaning. 

"if everything was clear about our presuppositions , our actions would lack seriousness. 'Every decision...bases itself on something not mastered,something concealed,confusing; else it would never be a decision'"

Being:

Not the most general category

Not a being itself

Not a process or event

The understanding of being is in our background practices

The Greeks called all "things out there" or just mere things pragmata. Heidegger wants to put the pragmatic back into mere things. They all have a use in the totality of uses or background of social practices or Referential Totality. "No such thing as AN equipment"

the "in itself" of an object is in how it is in it's readyness-to-hand.

Readyness-to-hand makes intelligible the present-at-hand, though only by there being something present-at-hand can there be something ready-to-hand casually. 

Unreadiness-to-hand is the way dasein can momentarily see something ready-to-hand in it's in-order-to structure. The readiness-to-hand is understood but not thematically in the unreadiness-to-hand. This process is called discovery.

disclosure  - at the level of readiness-to-hand - what Dasein always is doing.

discovery - at the level of unready-to-hand. Entities as they are only because Dasein has already disclosed them.

 Descartes - what is is that is unchanging and wholly independent. This cannot be accessed by perception but by maths. Heidegger - value predicates (for x'ing) cannot be mathematically modeled.

Unlike Locke who concerned himself regarding identity with the context of asking "who am I " in a self reflexive way, Heidegger thinks this is answered while we are in our everyday normal activity.

Who one is is who everyone is, what everyone does. Das man, the they.

Ontic truth - truth as uncovering . Something is "as this or that"

Ontological truth - dasein disclosing a world the hammer is withdrawn

Greeks - being is tied to an objects presents ie the table is this shape that color. Heidegger wants to reverse this.

Things are what they are authentically when they withdraw, so to Dasein is what it is authentically when it in anticipation(death) and repose(guilt)